In ALI and ARDS, which inflammatory mediators are produced from arachidonic acid metabolism?

In ALI and ARDS, which inflammatory mediators are produced from arachidonic acid metabolism?

• A. Interleukin-10 and Transforming growth factor-beta
• B. Insulin and glucagon
• C. Melatonin and serotonin
• D. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid metabolism

Answer: (D)

In ALI and ARDS, inflammatory signaling includes eicosanoids that come from arachidonic acid released from membrane phospholipids. Through cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, arachidonic acid is converted into prostaglandins and thromboxanes (COX products) and leukotrienes (LOX products). These mediators drive inflammation by promoting vasodilation, increasing vascular permeability, causing bronchoconstriction, and recruiting neutrophils—all key features of lung injury. That makes prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid metabolism the best description of the mediators involved. The other options describe substances not produced from arachidonic acid metabolism: anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta; hormones such as insulin and glucagon; and amines like melatonin and serotonin.

In ALI and ARDS, inflammatory signaling includes eicosanoids that come from arachidonic acid released from membrane phospholipids. Through cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, arachidonic acid is converted into prostaglandins and thromboxanes (COX products) and leukotrienes (LOX products). These mediators drive inflammation by promoting vasodilation, increasing vascular permeability, causing bronchoconstriction, and recruiting neutrophils—all key features of lung injury. That makes prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid metabolism the best description of the mediators involved.

The other options describe substances not produced from arachidonic acid metabolism: anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta; hormones such as insulin and glucagon; and amines like melatonin and serotonin.